前言
由于某个项目需要新搭建zabbix监控平台。于是就抽时间总结了zabbix搭建的流程及排错的详细流程。由于每个人的生产环境的差异，本文适用于参考。
实际上，使用yum安装配置LAMP+zabbix更加的方便，快捷。但是，为了便于管理，此处使用的是源码安装。
系统：centos7.6
安装方式：源码安装
nginx版本：1.17.1
mysql版本：5.6.44
php版本：7.3.7
zabbix-server版本：4.2.4
Nginx源码安装
【1】安装依赖包
为了避免后期的问题，安装了大量的依赖包，其中可能有某些并不必要
yum install -y perl-ExtUtils-Embed readline-devel zlib-devel pam-devel libxml2-devel libxslt-devel openldap-devel python-devel gcc-c++ openssl-devel cmakepcre-develnanowget gcc gcc-c++ ncurses-devel perl pcre pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel fping
【2】下载并安装源码包
<1>创建nginx用户（为了安全，可禁止其登录）
useradd nginx -s /sbin/nologin
<2>从Nginx官网下载Nginx源码包
（ /apk/package为创建的安装包统一存放位置）
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.17.1.tar.gz
tar xf nginx-1.17.1.tar.gz -C /apk/package
cd /apk/package/nginx-1.17.1
<3>编译安装
(/apk/install/nginx-1.17.1为安装目录)
注意编译参数（–prefix指定安装软件目录）：
./configure --prefix=/apk/install/nginx-1.17.1 --with-http_stub_status_module --without-http_auth_basic_module --without-http_autoindex_module --without-http_browser_module --without-http_geo_module --without-http_limit_req_module --without-http_limit_conn_module --without-http_map_module --without-http_memcached_module --without-http_scgi_module --without-http_split_clients_module --without-http_userid_module --without-http_uwsgi_module --without-mail_imap_module --without-mail_pop3_module --without-mail_smtp_module --without-poll_module --without-select_module --with-stream --add-module=/apk/install/nginx-mod/mode --add-module=/apk/install/nginx-mod/nginx-module
下列为此次使用的编译参数：
./configure --prefix=/apk/install/nginx-1.17.1 --with-http_stub_status_module --without-http_auth_basic_module --without-http_autoindex_module --without-http_browser_module --without-http_geo_module --without-http_limit_req_module --without-http_limit_conn_module --without-http_map_module --without-http_memcached_module --without-http_scgi_module --without-http_split_clients_module --without-http_userid_module --without-http_uwsgi_module --without-mail_imap_module --without-mail_pop3_module --without-mail_smtp_module --without-poll_module --without-select_module --with-stream --with-http_ssl_module --with-pcre
make -j4
make install
–add-module为指定第三方模块的安装目录，如没安装第三方模块，可不配置，否则编译时会报如下错误：
Nginx配置zabbix
注意：/apk/install/nginx-1.17.1在此处为nignx编译时，指定的软件安装目录。修改配置文件要从自己指定的安装目录中找。
【1】配置启动方式
<1>做软链接或配置环境变量，使nginx命令可被直接使用
ln -s /apk/install/nginx-1.17.1/sbin/nginx /usr/sbin/nginx
<2>测试nginx配置文件是否有问题
nginx -t
<3>启动nginx
nginx
【2】配置nginx的zabbix目录
<1>创建zabbix的web文件存放目录
mkdir /apk/data/web/zabbix -pv
<2>nginx配置文件如下：
cat /apk/install/nginx-1.17.1/conf/nginx.conf
user nginx nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log logs/error.log info;
pid logs/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 65536;
events
{
use epoll;
accept_mutex off;
worker_connections 65536;
}
http
{
include mime.types;
default_type text/html;
charset UTF-8;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
client_header_buffer_size 4k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
client_max_body_size 20m;
open_file_cache max=65536 inactive=60s;
open_file_cache_valid 80s;
open_file_cache_min_uses 1;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
server_tokens off;
keepalive_timeout 60;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 64k;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;
fastcgi_temp_path /tmp/fastcgi_temp;
fastcgi_cache_path /tmp/fastcgi_cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=cache_fastcgi:16m inactive=30m max_size=1g;
fastcgi_cache_key $request_method://$host$request_uri;
fastcgi_cache_valid 200 302 1h;
fastcgi_cache_valid 301 1d;
fastcgi_cache_valid any 1m;
fastcgi_cache_min_uses 1;
fastcgi_cache_use_stale error timeout http_500 http_503 invalid_header;
server{
listen 80;
server_name zabbix.pro.cn;
access_log logs/access.log main;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /apk/data/web/zabbix;
location ~ [^/]\.php(/|$) {
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi.conf;
}
}
}
<3>nginx配置文件测试及重新加载
nginx -t
nginx -s reload
mysql源码安装
可参考下列链接：
https://blog.csdn.net/GX_1_11_real/article/details/92987950
【1】安装依赖包
为了避免后期的问题，安装了大量的依赖包。即使提示没有安装包，接着往下执行即可
yum -y install gcc libxml2-dev curl screen libpng12-dev autoconf libpcre3-dev make bzip2 libevent-dev patch libjpeg62-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev \libfreetype6-dev g++ libtool libncurses5-dev psmisc lrzsz cmake bison libaio* boost
【2】下载并安装源码包
<1>创建mysql用户（为了安全，可禁止其登录）
groupadd mysql
useradd -g mysql mysql -s /bin/false
<2>从mysql官网下载安装包
mysql官网下载地址：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.44.tar.gz
tar xf mysql-5.6.44.tar.gz -C /apk/package
<3>创建相关的目录，用于后期配置和管理
(根据需求，也可跳过这步)
mkdir -p /apk/install/mysql-5.6.44
mkdir -p /apk/data/mysql_3306/data
mkdir -p /apk/conf/mysql/mysql_3306
mkdir -p /apk/log/mysql/mysql_3306
mkdir -p /apk/backup/mysql_3306
mkdir -pv /apk/log/mysql/mysql_3306/logs/relay-log
mkdir -pv /apk/log/mysql/mysql_3306/logs/slow-log
mkdir -pv /apk/log/mysql/mysql_3306/logs/bin-log
mkdir -pv /apk/log/mysql/mysql_3306/logs/error-log
chown -R mysql.mysql /apk/install/mysql-5.6.44
chown -R mysql.mysql /apk/data/mysql_3306/data
chown -R mysql.mysql /apk/conf/mysql/mysql_3306
chown -R mysql.mysql /apk/log/mysql/mysql_3306
chown -R mysql.mysql /apk/backup/mysql_3306
<4>使用cmake编译安装
cd /apk/package/mysql-5.6.44
cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/apk/install/mysql-5.6.44 -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/apk/data/mysql_3306/data -DSYSCONFDIR=/apk/conf/mysql/mysql_3306 -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql_3306.sock -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS:STRING=all -DMYSQL_USER=mysql
make -j4
make install
mysql配置
【1】mysql启动方式配置
<1>配置启动脚本
cd /apk/install/mysql-5.6.44/support-files
cp my-default.cnf /apk/conf/mysql/mysql_3306/my.cnf
cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql_3306
vim /etc/init.d/mysql_3306
basedir 添加指定的安装根目录
datadir 添加指定的数据存放目录
cnf 添加指定的配置文件
<2>配置开机自启
chmod + x /etc/init.d/mysql_3306
chkconfig --add mysql_3306
chkconfig mysql_3306 on
chkconfig --list | grep mysql_3306
<3>配置环境变量
vim /etc/profile
export PATH=/apk/install/mysql-5.6.44/bin/:$PATH
source /etc/profile
【2】mysql配置文件配置
根据需求，配置需要的参数，后期也可修改。
下方仅供参考
cat /apk/conf/mysql/mysql_3306/my.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
user=账号
host=localhost
password=密码
[mysqld]
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
log_bin = /apk/log/mysql/mysql_3306/logs/bin-log/bin.log
log-error = /apk/log/mysql/mysql_3306/logs/error-log/error.log
pid-file = mysql.pid
long_query_time = 1
slow_query_log
slow_query_log_file = /apk/log/mysql/mysql_3306/logs/slow-log/slow.log
max_binlog_cache_size = 16M
max_binlog_size = 1G
expire_logs_days = 15
ft_min_word_len = 4
relay-log = /apk/log/mysql/mysql_3306/logs/relay-log/relay.log
log-slave-updates
replicate-ignore-db=mysql
# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.
basedir = /apk/install/mysql-5.6.44
datadir = /apk/data/mysql_3306/data
port = 3306
server_id = 1
socket = /tmp/mysql_3306.sock
back_log = 3000
max_allowed_packet = 128M
max_connections = 6000
max_connect_errors = 100
join_buffer_size = 8M
read_buffer_size = 32M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 32M
sort_buffer_size = 12M
query_cache_size = 64M
table_open_cache = 1024
thread_cache_size = 120
max_heap_table_size = 64M
tmp_table_size = 64M
key_buffer_size = 512M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 32M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 1G
myisam_repair_threads = 1
myisam_recover
delay_key_write = ON
delayed_insert_limit = 4000
delayed_insert_timeout = 600
delayed_queue_size = 4000
lower_case_table_names = 1
query_cache_type = 1
performance_schema = 0
net_read_timeout = 3600
net_write_timeout = 3600
connect_timeout = 600
interactive_timeout = 600
wait_timeout = 600
local-infile = 0
skip-show-database
skip-name-resolve
skip-external-locking
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
#*** INNODB
#innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32G
#innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 20M
#innodb_data_file_path = ibdata:32M:autoextend
#innodb_read_io_threads = 8
#innodb_write_io_threads = 12
#innodb_file_per_table = 1
#innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
#innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
#innodb_log_file_size = 256M
#innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
#innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 10
#innodb_force_recovery = 4
#innodb_file_format = barracuda
#innodb_file_format_max = barracuda
#innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 4
#innodb_fast_shutdown = 0
#innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 3
#innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
#innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
#transaction-isolation = READ-COMMITTED
#innodb_thread_concurrency = 0
#innodb_io_capacity = 200
#innodb_purge_threads = 1
#innodb_autoinc_lock_mode = 2
#innodb_stats_on_metadata = 0
##使用线程池处理连接
#thread_handling = pool-of-threads
#thread_pool_oversubscribe = 30
#thread_pool_size = 64
#thread_pool_idle_timeout = 7200
#thread_pool_max_threads = 2000
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 256M
sort_buffer_size = 256M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout
[mysqld_safe]
open-files-limit = 60000
【3】mysql初始化
<1>mysql初始化
（根据需求选择合适的命令。如报错，需修改参数后，再次初始化）
/apk/install/mysql-5.6.44/script/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/apk/install/mysql/mysql-5.6.44 --datadir=/apk/data/mysql_3306/data --pid-file=/apk/data/mysql_3306/data/mysql.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql_3306.sock --port=3306
or
/apk/install/mysql/mysql-5.6.44/script/mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=mysql
如初始化有报错，请先检查一下配置文件中的参数。修改后仍报错，可在上方的参数后添加 --no-defaults
<2>启动mysql
/etc/init.d/mysql_3306 start
如报pid相关错误，可先检查mysql的配置文件参数后，查看下列链接尝试解决：
https://blog.csdn.net/GX_1_11_real/article/details/93010284
<3>设置账号和密码
mysqladmin -u root -p password 你的密码
PHP源码安装
【1】安装依赖包
为了避免后期的问题，安装了大量可能用到的包。即使提示没有安装包，接着往下执行即可
yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ make zlib zlib-devel pcre pcre-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clients openldap-servers libmcrypt-devel mhash mcrypt openldap openldap-devel zlib-devel libxml2-devel libjpeg-devel libiconv-devel freetype-devel libpng-devel gd-devel curl-devel libxslt-devel
【2】libiconv安装
<1>源码安装
wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.14.tar.gz
tar zxf libiconv-1.14.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.14
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libiconv
make -j4
make install
<2>报错解决
make时，通常会遇到如下报错：
./stdio.h:1010:1: error: ‘gets’ undeclared here (not in a function)
解决方法：
vim /root/libiconv-1.14/srclib/stdio.h
注释掉：_GL_WARN_ON_USE (gets, "gets is a security hole - use fgets instead");
【3】php编译安装
<1>下载php并安装
php官网链接：https://www.php.net/downloads.php
wget https://www.php.net/distributions/php-7.3.7.tar.gz
tar -xf php-7.3.7.tar.gz -C /apk/package
cd /apk/package/php-7.3.7
./configure --prefix=/apk/install/php-7.3.7 --with-config-file-path=/apk/install/php-7.3.7/etc --with-pdo-mysql=/apk/install/mysql/mysql-5.6.44/ --with-mysqli=mysqlnd --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local/libiconv --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --with-gettext --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --enable-mbregex --enable-fpm --enable-mbstring --with-gd --with-openssl --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-xmlrpc --enable-soap --enable-short-tags --enable-static --with-xsl --with-fpm-user=nginx --with-fpm-group=nginx --enable-ftp --enable-opcache=no --with-ldap --with-ldap-sasl
<2>如配置ldap模块，需要在make前，对ldap做链接，否则编译会报错
ln -s /usr/lib64/libldap* /usr/lib/
make -j4
make install
<3>如使用make后出现以下类似报错：
/usr/bin/ld: ext/ldap/.libs/ldap.o: undefined reference to symbol ‘ber_strdup’
解决方法如下：
vim Makefile
在以EXTRA_LIBS开头的一行结尾添加-llber
<4>编译安装
make -j4
make install
如编译php时，报错warning：configure:WARNING:unrecognizedoptions:–with-mysql
原因是php7版本不支持mysql模块，而是使用–with-pdo-mysql连接数据库，所以需要更换参数为–with-pdo-mysql
--with-config-file-path 指定配置文件位置
--with-pdo-mysq 指定数据库位置
--with-iconv-dir 指定libiconv目录
【4】php启动方式配置
<1>配置文件设置
(注意php.ini文件的存放位置)
ln -s /apk/install/php-7.3.7/bin/php /usr/bin/php
cp /apk/package/php-7.3.7/php.ini-production /apk/install/php-7.3.7/etc/php.ini
cd /apk/install/php-7.3.7/etc
cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf
cd /apk/install/php-7.3.7/etc/php-fpm.d
cp www.conf.default www.conf
<2>启动脚本配置
cp /apk/package/php-7.3.7/sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm
/etc/init.d/php-fpm start
<3>配置php与zabbix相关参数
cd /apk/install/php-7.3.7/etc/
vim php.ini
post_max_size 16M
max_execution_time 300
max_input_time 300
date.timezone Asia/Shanghai
<4>php-fpm启动
/etc/init.d/php-fpm start
<5>查看支持的模块
php -m |grep ldap
LNMP验证
【1】示例1
此处123.123.123.123代表zabbix_server的IP
cat test.php
<?php phpinfo();?>
http://123.123.123.123/test.php
访问到如上页面即为成功
补充：
Configuration File(php.ini) Path为php.ini应存放的位置，php.ini放其他位置并不会生效
【2】示例2
cat mysql.php （php7以下版本）
<?php
$link=mysql_connect("localhost","你的账号","你的密码");
if(!$link) echo "FAILD!连接错误，用户名密码不对";
else echo "OK!可以连接";
?>
cat mysqli.php （php7）
<?php
$link=new mysqli("localhost","你的账号","你的密码");
if(!$link) echo "FAILD!连接错误，用户名密码不对";
else echo "OK!可以连接";
?>
http://123.123.123.123/mysqli.php
访问页面得到OK即为成功（此php文件功能不完全，可能报错忽略即可）
Zabbix安装
zabbix官网链接：
https://www.zabbix.com/download?zabbix=3.4&os_distribution=centos&os_version=6&db=MySQL
zabbix安装可参考链接：
https://blog.csdn.net/GX_1_11_real/article/details/80872582
【1】安装依赖包
yum install net-snmp-devel curl curl-devel libevent-devel libssh2-devel -y
【2】zabbix安装
<1>zabbix用户创建
groupadd zabbix
useradd -g zabbix -s /sbin/nologin -M zabbix
<2>从官网下载
tar xf zabbix-4.2.4.tar.gz -C /apk/package
cd /apk/package/zabbix-4.2.4
<3>进入数据库，创建zabbix库
mysql -uroot -p'密码'
create database zabbix character set utf8;
grant all privileges on zabbix.* to 'zabbix'@'localhost' identified by 'zabbix';
flush privileges;
<4>导入数据
cd /apk/package/zabbix-4.2.4/database/mysql
mysql -uroot -p '密码' zabbix < schema.sql
mysql -uroot -p '密码' zabbix < images.sql
mysql -uroot -p '密码' zabbix < data.sql
或
mysql -uzabbix -pzabbix zabbix < schema.sql
mysql -uzabbix -pzabbix zabbix < images.sql
mysql -uzabbix -pzabbix zabbix < data.sql
<5>编译安装
cd /apk/package/zabbix-4.2.4
./configure --prefix=/apk/install/zabbix-4.2.4 --enable-server --enable-agent --with-mysql --enable-ipv6 --with-net-snmp --with-libcurl --with-libxml
–prefix 指定安装目录
–enable-ipv6如报错，可去掉
Zabbix配置
【1】zabbix的前端文件配置
(将前端文件发送到nginx配置的web目录)
cp -r /apk/package/zabbix-4.2.4/frontends/php/* /apk/data/web/zabbix
【2】zabbix-server配置文件配置
cd /apk/install/zabbix-4.2.4/etc
egrep -v "^$|^#" zabbix_server.conf
LogFile=/var/log/zabbix/zabbix_server.log
DBHost=123.123.123.123
DBName=zabbix
DBUser=zabbix
DBPassword=zabbix
DBSocket=/tmp/mysql.sock
DBPort=3306
StartPollers=30
StartDiscoverers=5
CacheSize=8G
Timeout=4
#AlertScriptsPath=/apk/install/zabbix-4.2.4/altscripts
LogSlowQueries=3000
【3】zabbix-server启动配置
<1>cp启动文件到/etc/init.d/下
cp /apk/package/zabbix-4.2.4/misc/init.d/fedora/core/zabbix_server /etc/rc.d/init.d/zabbix_server
<2>修改BASEDIR为zabbix-server的安装目录
vim /etc/init.d/zabbix_server
<3>启动zabbix-server
chmod + x /etc/init.d/zabbix_server
chkconfig --add zabbix_server
chkconfig zabbix_server on
chkconfig --list | grep zabbix_server
service zabbix_server start
【4】zabbix-server的web配置
<1>访问zabbix-server
http://123.123.123.123/setup.php
<2>根据提示，修改zabbix的php.ini的配置文件
<3>填入相关信息
<4>确认信息后，点击next
<5>配置zabbix关联数据库的php文件
cp /apk/data/web/zabbix/conf/zabbix.conf.php.example /apk/data/web/zabbix/conf/zabbix.conf.php
cat /App/data/web/zabbix/conf/zabbix.conf.php
(填入数据库账号及密码等)
<?php
// Zabbix GUI configuration file.
global $DB, $HISTORY;
$DB['TYPE'] = 'MYSQL';
$DB['SERVER'] = '127.0.0.1';
$DB['PORT'] = '3306';
$DB['DATABASE'] = 'zabbix';
$DB['USER'] = 'zabbix';
$DB['PASSWORD'] = 'zabbix';
// Schema name. Used for IBM DB2 and PostgreSQL.
$DB['SCHEMA'] = '';
$ZBX_SERVER = 'localhost';
$ZBX_SERVER_PORT = '10051';
$ZBX_SERVER_NAME = '';
$IMAGE_FORMAT_DEFAULT = IMAGE_FORMAT_PNG;
// Uncomment this block only if you are using Elasticsearch.
// Elasticsearch url (can be string if same url is used for all types).
//$HISTORY['url'] = [
// 'uint' => 'http://localhost:9200',
// 'text' => 'http://localhost:9200'
//];
// Value types stored in Elasticsearch.
//$HISTORY['types'] = ['uint', 'text'];
<6>重新加载nginx,点击Login进入zabbix界面
nginx -s reload
<7>输入默认的用户名Admin,及密码zabbix,点击Sign in ，进入zabbix正式的页面（初始为英文版面）
<8>可切换语言及修改密码
Zabbix4.2图形乱码问题解决
zabbix部分问题解决，可查看下列链接：
https://blog.csdn.net/GX_1_11_real/article/details/89149722
<1>配置字体库目录及字体
vim /apk/data/web/zabbix/include/defines.inc.php
<2>从windows中导入字体(可使用rz或其他方式上传至服务器)
也可根据需求导入其他字体，并配置
字体位置：c:\windows\Fonts
<3>将上传的文件放到/apk/data/web/zabbix/assets/fonts下
cd /apk/data/web/zabbix/assets/fonts/
<4>刷新页面即可（如无变化，重启nginx及zabbix_server）
